Uncommon Sources
This section will cover a wide variety of sources found in academic papers. These sources will be listed alphabetically in a list below to easily jump to which source you need. To see the extensive list of sources that this guide covers, see the document outline. Additionally, this guide covers many common uncommon sources, but not all. For any sources not in this guide, visit the APA Style page on Reference examples.
Artwork (Museum)
Artist Name: Last name, first and middle (if applicable) initial.
Date: (Year of release).
Title: Title of artwork
Work Information: [Medium].
Publisher: Name of museum, City, State (if applicable), Country.
Link: URL of painting on museum website.
Ruben, P. P. (1636-1638). Saturn devouring a son [Oil on canvas]. Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid, Spain. https://www.museodelprado.es/en/the-collection/art-work/saturn-devouring-a-son/d022fed3-6069-4786-b59f-4399a2d74e50.
For citing artwork itself, visit the Figures section of this guide.
Dissertation/Masters Thesis (Published and Unpublished)
Published
Author Name: Last name, first and middle (if applicable) initial.
Date: (Year).
Title: Title of dissertation/thesis
Publication Number: (Publication No. number)
Publication Information: [Doctoral dissertation/Master’s thesis, Name of Institution].
Database/Archive: Name of Database/Archive.
Angeli, E. L. (2012). Networks of communication in emergency medical services (Publication No. 3544643) [Doctoral dissertation, Purdue University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
If the dissertation/thesis is not on a database or archive, insert the URL instead of the Database/Archive.
Unpublished
Author Name: Last name, first and middle (if applicable) initial.
Date: (Year).
Title: Title of dissertation/thesis
Publication Information: [Unpublished doctoral dissertation/master’s thesis].
Institution: Name of Institution.
Harrington, E. (2014). Gynaehorror: Women, theory and horror film [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Canterbury.
Film
Director Name: Last name, first and middle (if applicable) initial.
Author Information: (Director).
Date: (Year of release).
Title: Title of film
Publication Information: [Film].
Publisher: Production company.
Chazelle, D. (Director). (2014). Whiplash [Film]. Sony Pictures Classics.
Instagram Post
Author Name: Last name, first and middle (if applicable) initial or name of group/account.
Account Information: [@username].
Date: (Year, Month Date).
Title: Up to first 20 words of post
Publication Information: [Type of post].
Publisher: Instagram.
Link: URL.
CLT Writing Resources Center [@clt_wrc]. (2024, October 29). Tutor Morgan does ASMR!! [Reel]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/DBrTUi9JGr0/.
Lecture Notes/Presentations
Author Name: Last name, first and middle (if applicable) initial.
Date: (Year, Month Date).
Title: Title of Presentation
Additional Information: [Lecture notes, PowerPoint slides, etc].
Publication Information: Publisher.
Link: URL.
Chiarella, M. (2024, November 3). Chap. 9 love and sexuality [PowerPoint slides]. Canvas. https://uncc.instructure.com/courses/226592/files/25581005?module_item_id=6238267.
Online Dictionary/Thesaurus/Encyclopedia Entry
Author Name: Name of institution/organization.
Date: (Year).
Title: Title of entry.
Publication Information: In Title of reference.
Retrieval Date (if necessary): Retrieved Month Date, Year, from
Link: URL
Merriam-Webster. (n.d.) Interrobang. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved November 5, 2024, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/interrobang.
Most online dictionaries/thesaurus/encyclopedias constantly update, so if there is no Date on the cite, include a Retrieval Date in the citation.
Online News Article
Author Name: Last name, first and middle (if applicable) initial.
Date: (Year, Month Date).
Title: Title of Article.
Website: News Website.
Link: URL.
Vaillancourt, W. (2024, November 3). SNL: Watch Chappell Roan perform “Pink Pony Club,” debut “The Giver.” Rolling Stone. https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/snl-watch-chappell-roan-perform-pink-pony-club-debut-giver-1235151459/.
Photograph
Photographer Name: Last name, first and middle (if applicable) initial.
Date: (Year of publication).
Title: Title of photograph
Publication Information: [Photograph].
Publisher: Source.
Link: URL
Anders, B. (1986). Earthrise [Photograph]. NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/apollo-8-earthrise/.
Reddit/Quora Post (Online Forum/Discussion)
Author Name: Last name, first and middle (if applicable) initial or name of group/account.
Account Information: [@username].
Date: (Year, Month Date).
Title: Title of post
Publication Information: [Online forum post].
Publisher: Publisher.
Link: URL.
The1and0nlyEZ [@The1and0nlyEZ]. (2024, October 2). Can I be a professional tutor with a Communications degree? [Online forum post]. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/writingcenters/comments/1fuw9hx/can_i_be_a_professional_tutor_with_a/.
Wikipedia Article
Title: Title of article.
Date: (Year, Month Date).
Publication Information: In Wikipedia.
Link: URL of archived version of page.
Writing center. (2024, July 15). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Writing_center&oldid=1234695548.
To access the link of the archived version of the Wikipedia page, click the Tools button on the right-hand side of the page. Under the dropdown menu, click Permanent link. This will create a permanent link to the page and provide the date of the last edit.
X (Twitter) Tweet
Author Name: Last name, first and middle (if applicable) initial or name of group/account.
Account Information: [@username].
Date: (Year, Month Date).
Title: Up to first 20 words of post
Publication Information: [Tweet].
Publisher: X.
Link: URL.
UNC Charlotte Writing Resources Center. [@CLT_WRC]. (2024, April 29). Happy last day of class, Niners! After today, April 29th, the Writing Resources Center will switch [Tweet]. X. https://x.com/CLT_WRC/status/1784979763859525928.
Youtube/Streaming Video
Author Name: Last name, first and middle (if applicable) initial or name of group/account.
Account Information: [@username].
Date: (Year, Month Date).
Title: Title of video
Publication Information: [Video].
Publisher: Streaming service.
Link: URL.
Schlatt & Co. [@schlattco]. (2024, August 18). Schlatt interviews the biggest New Yorkers on the planet [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yucC6suqWbc.