Uncommon Sources

This section will cover a wide variety of sources found in academic papers. These sources will be listed alphabetically. To see the extensive list of sources that this guide covers, see the document outline. Additionally, this guide covers many common uncommon sources, but not all. For any sources not in this guide, visit the APA Style page on Reference examples

Artwork (Museum)

Artist Name: Last name, first and middle (if applicable) initial. 

Date: (Year of release).

Title: Title of artwork

Work Information: [Medium].

Publisher: Name of museum, City, State (if applicable), Country.

Link: URL of painting on museum website.

Peter, P. P. (1636-1638). Saturn devouring a son [Oil on canvas]. Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid, Spain. https://www.museodelprado.es/en/the-collection/art-work/saturn-devouring-a-son/d022fed3-6069-4786-b59f-4399a2d74e50

For citing artwork itself, visit the Figures section of this guide. 

Dissertation/Masters Thesis (Published and Unpublished)

Published

Author Name: Last name, first and middle (if applicable) initial. 

Date: (Year).

Title: Title of dissertation/thesis

Publication Number: (Publication No. number)

Publication Information: [Doctoral dissertation/Master’s thesis, Name of Institution].

Database/Archive: Name of Database/Archive. 

Angeli, E. L. (2012). Networks of communication in emergency medical services (Publication No. 3544643) [Doctoral dissertation, Purdue University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.

If the dissertation/thesis is not on a database or archive, insert the URL instead of the Database/Archive

Unpublished

Author Name: Last name, first and middle (if applicable) initial. 

Date: (Year).

Title: Title of dissertation/thesis

Publication Information: [Unpublished doctoral dissertation/master’s thesis].

Institution: Name of Institution. 

Harrington, E. (2014). Gynaehorror: Women, theory and horror film [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Canterbury.

Film

Director Name: Last name, first and middle (if applicable) initial.

Author Information: (Director). 

Date: (Year of release).

Title: Title of film

Publication Information: [Film].

Publisher: Production company.

Chazelle, D. (Director). (2014). Whiplash [Film]. Sony Pictures Classics. 

Instagram Post

Author Name: Last name, first and middle (if applicable) initial or name of group/account. 

Account Information: [@username].

Date: (Year, Month Date).

Title: Up to first 20 words of post

Publication Information: [Type of post].

Publisher: Instagram. 

Link: URL.

CLT Writing Resources Center [@clt_wrc]. (2024, October 29). Tutor Morgan does ASMR!! [Reel]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/DBrTUi9JGr0/

Lecture Notes/Presentations

Author Name: Last name, first and middle (if applicable) initial. 

Date: (Year, Month Date).

Title: Title of Presentation

Additional Information: [Lecture notes, PowerPoint slides, etc].

Publication Information: Publisher.

Link: URL. 

Chiarella, M. (2024, November 3). Chap. 9 love and sexuality [PowerPoint slides]. Canvas. https://uncc.instructure.com/courses/226592/files/25581005?module_item_id=6238267

Online Dictionary/Thesaurus/Encyclopedia Entry 

Author Name: Name of institution/organization. 

Date: (Year).

Title: Title of entry.

Publication Information: In Title of reference.

Retrieval Date (if necessary): Retrieved Month Date, Year, from

Link: URL

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.) Interrobang. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved November 5, 2024, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/interrobang

Most online dictionaries/thesaurus/encyclopedias constantly update, so if there is no Date on the cite, include a Retrieval Date in the citation. 

Online News Article

Author Name: Last name, first and middle (if applicable) initial. 

Date: (Year, Month Date).

Title: Title of Article.

Website: News Website.

Link: URL.

Vaillancourt, W. (2024, November 3). SNL: Watch Chappell Roan perform “Pink Pony Club,” debut “The Giver.” Rolling Stone. https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/snl-watch-chappell-roan-perform-pink-pony-club-debut-giver-1235151459/

Photograph

Photographer Name: Last name, first and middle (if applicable) initial. 

Date: (Year of publication).

Title: Title of photograph

Publication Information: [Photograph].

Publisher: Source.

Link: URL

Anders, B. (1986). Earthrise [Photograph]. NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/apollo-8-earthrise/.

Reddit/Quora Post (Online Forum/Discussion)

Author Name: Last name, first and middle (if applicable) initial or name of group/account. 

Account Information: [@username].

Date: (Year, Month Date).

Title: Title of post

Publication Information: [Online forum post].

Publisher: Publisher. 

Link: URL.

The1and0nlyEZ [@The1and0nlyEZ]. (2024, October 2). Can I be a professional tutor with a Communications degree? [Online forum post]. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/writingcenters/comments/1fuw9hx/can_i_be_a_professional_tutor_with_a/

Wikipedia Article

Title: Title of article. 

Date: (Year, Month Date). 

Publication Information: In Wikipedia. 

Link: URL of archived version of page. 

Writing center. (2024, July 15). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Writing_center&oldid=1234695548

To access the link of the archived version of the Wikipedia page, click the Tools (                ) button on the right-hand side of the page. Under the dropdown menu, click Permanent link. This will create a permanent link to the page and provide the date of the last edit. 

X (Twitter) Tweet

Author Name: Last name, first and middle (if applicable) initial or name of group/account. 

Account Information: [@username].

Date: (Year, Month Date).

Title: Up to first 20 words of post

Publication Information: [Tweet].

Publisher: X. 

Link: URL.
UNC Charlotte Writing Resources Center. [@CLT_WRC]. (2024, April 29). Happy last day of class, Niners! After today, April 29th, the Writing Resources Center will switch [Tweet]. X. https://x.com/CLT_WRC/status/1784979763859525928.

Youtube/Streaming Video

Author Name: Last name, first and middle (if applicable) initial or name of group/account. 

Account Information: [@username].

Date: (Year, Month Date).

Title: Title of video

Publication Information: [Video].

Publisher: Streaming service. 

Link: URL.

Schlatt & Co. [@schlattco]. (2024, August 18). Schlatt interviews the biggest New Yorkers on the planet [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yucC6suqWbc